Long-lasting Response of Human Circulating T-follicular Helper Cells (cTfh) To Post SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Immunization

Sandhya Shukla

Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College, Pune-411043, India.

Arvind Kumar Shukla *

School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan-50612, South Korea.

Navin Ray

Laboratory of Mucosal Exposome and Biomodulation, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Pusan National University, Yangsan-50612, South Korea.

Adarsha Mahendra Upadhyay

Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, School of Overseas Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou-550025, China.

Giovanna Mirone

Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli; via Vivaldi 43, Caserta-81100, Italy.

Raj Kumar Mongre

Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.


Abstract

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic underscores the urgent need for effective vaccination strategies to mitigate disease burden. The development of neutralizing antibodies is a critical indicator of host defence mechanisms against life-threatening infectious diseases, such as those caused by SARS-CoV-2. Understanding the fundamental biological mechanisms and substantiality of these antibodies' production is essential for developing effective vaccines, particularly in the face of emerging variants. Circulating T follicular helper (cTfh) cells, which have emerged as significant predictors of neutralizing antibody levels, are of utmost importance in shaping long-term immunity following vaccination. We emphasize the pivotal role of cTfh cells in shaping long-term immunity, providing reassurance about the effectiveness of vaccines. In this study, we elucidate the functions of cTfh cells and their lymphoid counterparts during immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, particularly in the context of spike protein vaccination. We explore the phenotypic diversity of cTfh cells and their potential as biomarkers for development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy with long-lasting immunity. The identification of specific cTfh subgroups may inform strategies for enhancing vaccine responses, especially concerning new SARS-CoV-2 variant-specific vaccines. Future research directions will focus on harnessing the predictive capabilities of cTfh cells to optimize vaccine development and improve immunological outcomes against evolving SARS-CoV-2 strains.

Keywords: T follicular helper cells, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, CD4 T cells


How to Cite

Shukla, Sandhya, Arvind Kumar Shukla, Navin Ray, Adarsha Mahendra Upadhyay, Giovanna Mirone, and Raj Kumar Mongre. 2024. “Long-Lasting Response of Human Circulating T-Follicular Helper Cells (cTfh) To Post SARS-CoV-2 MRNA Immunization”. Asian Journal of Immunology 7 (1):228-46. https://journalaji.com/index.php/AJI/article/view/147.

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